**Group 1: Origin and Development of World Landscape Painting**
– World landscape paintings originated in the Netherlands in the 16th century.
– Joachim Patinir was a prominent Early Netherlandish painter known for this type of composition.
– Patinir’s landscapes featured a distinctive use of color and composition.
– Italian artists were influenced by the landscape backgrounds in Early Netherlandish painting.
– Pieter Bruegel the Elder further developed the world landscape style in his works.
– The style of world landscape paintings typically depict panoramic landscapes from an elevated viewpoint.
– The subjects in these paintings are often Biblical or historical narratives.
– The landscape elements in these paintings dwarf the figures within them.
– Patinir’s compositions used three base colors to articulate the landscape.
– The style of world landscape paintings evolved into Mannerist inversion in the 16th century.
**Group 2: Influence and Artists of World Landscape Painting**
– The world landscape style was admired in Italy and influenced Italian artists.
– The style of world landscape paintings reflected the Northern rusticity.
– Landscape backgrounds in paintings were greatly expanded by Patinir.
– The style of world landscape paintings was linked to the Age of Discovery.
– The paintings were seen as religious metaphors for the pilgrimage of life.
– Joachim Patinir, Herri met de Bles, and Pieter Bruegel the Elder were pioneers and developers of the style.
– Lucas Gassel, the Brunswick Monogrammist, and Cornelis Massys were other artists in this genre.
– Quentin Massys and Pieter Aertsen introduced variations to the world landscape style.
**Group 3: Evolution of World Landscape Style**
– The world landscape style transitioned into independent genres in Dutch and Flemish painting.
– The landscape style was developed further by artists like Pieter Bruegel the Elder.
– The 17th century saw the establishment of various subject areas in Dutch and Flemish painting.
– The world landscape style influenced the new style of Northern Mannerism.
– Pieter Bruegel the Elder’s landscapes with genre figures marked a culmination of the style.
**Group 4: Danube School and Influence on Later Landscape Painting**
– The Danube school was a group of German and Austrian artists known for pioneering landscape painting.
– They were the first to regularly paint pure landscapes without figures.
– Albrecht Altdorfer, Wolf Huber, and Augustin Hirschvogel were key artists of the group.
– Their landscapes often featured forests of the Upper Danube.
– Altdorfer’s ‘The Battle of Alexander at Issus’ is a notable painting showing a panoramic view across the Mediterranean.
– The Netherlandish and Danubian approaches influenced later artists like Jan Brueghel the Elder and Gillis van Coninxloo.
– Rubens, Hercules Seghers, Philips Koninck, and Niccolò dell’Abbate further developed the landscape style.
– Claude Lorrain and Nicolas Poussin in French Baroque painting continued the tradition with panoramic views.
**Group 5: Artistic Evolution and Influence Over Time**
– Landscape painting evolved through different periods, from the Northern Renaissance to Romanticism.
– Artists like Edward Lear and Russian landscape painters continued the panoramic style.
– The Hudson River School artists depicted new landscapes worldwide.
– John Martin’s apocalyptic religious paintings harkened back to the genre’s origins with Bosch.
– The hierarchy of genres in painting shifted with the influence of different artists over time.
The world landscape, a translation of the German Weltlandschaft, is a type of composition in Western painting showing an imaginary panoramic landscape seen from an elevated viewpoint that includes mountains and lowlands, water, and buildings. The subject of each painting is usually a Biblical or historical narrative, but the figures comprising this narrative element are dwarfed by their surroundings.
The world landscape first appeared in painting in the work of the Early Netherlandish painter Joachim Patinir (c. 1480–1524), most of whose few surviving paintings are of this type, usually showing religious subjects, but commissioned by secular patrons. "They were imaginary compilations of the most appealing and spectacular aspects of European geography, assembled for the delight of the wealthy armchair traveler", giving "an idealized composite of the world taken in at a single Olympian glance".
The compositional type was taken up by a number of other Netherlandish artists, most famously Pieter Bruegel the Elder. There was a parallel development by Patinir's contemporary Albrecht Altdorfer and other artists of the Danube school. Although compositions of this broad type continued to be common until the 18th century and beyond, the term is usually only used to describe works from the Low Countries and Germany produced in the 16th century. The German term Weltlandschaft was first used by Eberhard Freiherr von Bodenhausen in 1905 with reference to Gerard David, and then in 1918 applied to Patinir's work by Ludwig von Baldass, defined as the depiction of "all that which seemed beautiful to the eye; the sea and the earth, mountains and plains, forests and fields, the castle and the hut".